Some common late side effects of radiation therapy include:
- Radiation fibrosis: This condition occurs when the radiation causes scar tissue to form in the area that was treated. This can lead to stiffness, pain, and difficulty moving the affected area. (Ramia et al., 2022, Clin Med Insights Oncol)
- Radiation-induced secondary cancers: In rare cases, radiation therapy can cause new cancers to develop in the area that was treated or in nearby tissues. (König et al., 2022, Cancers)
- Cardiovascular disease: Radiation therapy to the chest can increase the risk of heart disease. (Armanious et al., 2018, Curr Probl Cancer)
- Lung damage: Radiation therapy to the chest can also cause damage to the lungs. (Majeed & Gupta, 2022, StatPearls [Internet])
- Lymphedema: Radiation therapy to the lymph nodes can cause swelling in the arms or legs, which can be uncomfortable and make it difficult to move. (Warren et al., 2014, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys)
- Infertility: Radiation therapy to the pelvis can damage the reproductive organs and lead to infertility. (Fan et al., 2023, Postgrad Med J)
The specific late side effects that a patient may experience depend on several factors, including the type and location of cancer, the radiation dose, and the patient’s individual health.
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